Acidizing

Pumping acid to dissolve near-well damage or to dissolve the rock itself.

In sandstone, a mixture of hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid attacks clay and silicate damage near the well. Plain hydrochloric acid does little to quartz. In carbonate, hydrochloric acid dissolves the rock and can wormhole past the damaged zone or, pumped above fracture pressure, etch a fracture face.

A matrix treatment stays below the pressure that opens a fracture, so the acid goes into the pores. An acid fracture deliberately exceeds it. Either one is aimed at skin. Neither adds oil in place. Spending the acid on scale in the tubing, or on a carbonate cement before it reaches the damage, is a treatment that never arrives.

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